Holocaust in Rovno: The Massacre at Sosenki Forest, November 1941 by Burds Jeffrey

Author:Burds, Jeffrey [Burds, Jeffrey]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781137388414
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Published: 2013-12-03T00:00:00+00:00

FIGURE 2.15 Newlyweds Krystyna and Jurek Nowakowski, 1942

FIGURE 2.16 Krystyna Nowakowski with her son, Jerzyk, June 1945

Source: Nowakowski Family Archives

Notes

1The Al’tman data substantially modify previous estimates. Cf., Wolfgang Benz, ed. Dimension des Völkermords: Die Zahl der jüdischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus (Munich, 1991). On patterns of violence in the East versus the West, see Timothy Snyder, “Holocaust: The Ignored Reality,” New York Review of Books (July 16, 2009); and Timothy Snyder, Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin (New York: Basic Books, 2010).

2See Gross, Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland, and the Polish Institute of National Memory’s subsequent investigation in two volumes: Paweł Machcewicz and Krzysztof Persaka, eds. Wokół Jedwabnego (Warsaw: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, 2002).

3Aleksandr Kruglov, Tragediia Bab’ego Iara v nemetskikh dokumentakh (Dnepropretrovsk: Tkuma, 2011); David Budnik, et. al., Nichto ne zabyto: evreiskie sud’by v Kieve, 1941–1943 (Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1993); Erharfd R. Wiehn, Die Schoáh von Babij Jar (Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1991); Patrick Dempsey, Babi-Yar: A Catastrophe (Measham: P. A. Draigh, 2005); Il’ia Levitas, ed. Pamiat’ Bab’ego Iara: Vospominaniia, Dokumenty (Kiev: Evreiskii soviet Ukrainy, 2001). Karel Berkhoff is currently preparing a definitive study of the massacre at Babi Yar.

4Michael Burleigh, Ethics and Extermination: Reflections on Nazi Genocide (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997): 81.

5Shmuel Spector, The Holocaust of the Volhynian Jews, 1941–1944 (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1990); and Tikva Fatal-Kna’ani, Yehudeh Rovne, 1919–1945 [Jews of Rovno, 1919–1945: the Life and Death of a Community] (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2012). For a summary of the Holocaust in Volhynia, see Timothy Snyder, “The Life and Death of Western Volhynian Jewry, 1921–1945,” in Ray Brandon and Wendy Lower, eds. The Shoah in Ukraine: History, Testimony, Memorialization (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2008): 77–113. Also see the informative essay by Alexander Kruglov, “Równe,” Martin Dean et al., eds. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945, Volume II: Ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe (Indiana University Press and USHMM, 2012): 1458–1461. The best study of the Holocaust in Volhynia is Gerlach, Christian. Kalkulierte Morde. Die deutsche Wirtschaft- und Vernichtungspolitik in Weißrußland 1941 bis 1944 (Hamburger Edition; Auflage: Studienausgabe, 2007).

6Rowne; sefer zikaro [Rowno; a memorial to the Jewish community of Rowno, Wolyn)], edited by A. Avitachi (Tel Aviv: 1956): 514–517. translated from the Yiddish by Amit B. E. Gitterman.

7Gross, Revolution from Abroad.

8Terry Martin, “The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing,” The Journal of Modern History Vol. 70, No. 4 (December 1998): 813–861; Keith Sword, ed. The Soviet Takeover of the Polish Eastern Provinces, 1939–1941 (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991).

9Marek Herman, From the Alps to the Red Sea (M.P. Western Galilee, Israel: Ghetto Fighters’ Museum, 1985): 26.

10Khaya (Chaya) Musman, Gorod moi rasstreliannyi (New York: 1994). Musman’s parents were both among the 17,500 adult Rovno Jews shot at Sosenki on November 7–9, 1941. Chaya Musman was born in Rovno on November 11, 1922. She died at the age of 87 in Brooklyn, New York, on June 7, 2010.

11These extended passages have been reproduced by permission from Chaya Musman, Gorod moi rasstreliannyi, 74–77. Note that Chaya Musman wrote “Botker,” while Jurek Nowakowski always wrote “Bodkier.

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